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Chocolate cake is a cake flavored with melted chocolate and/or cocoa powder. ==History== Chocolate cake is made with chocolate; it can be made with other ingredients, as well. These ingredients include fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners. The history of chocolate cake goes back to 1764, when Dr. James Baker discovered how to make chocolate by grinding cocoa beans between two massive circular millstones.〔("Hannon's Best Chocolate" ). BostonHistory.com. Retrieved 2014-03-12.〕 In 1828, Conrad Van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical extraction method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao, a compacted mass of solids that could be sold as it was "rock cacao" or ground into powder.〔 The processes transformed chocolate from an exclusive luxury to an inexpensive daily snack.〔 A process for making silkier and smoother chocolate called conching was developed in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt and made it easier to bake with chocolate as it amalgamates smoothly and completely with cake batters.〔 Until 1890 to 1900, chocolate recipes were mostly for drinks.〔 The Duff Company of Pittsburgh, a molasses manufacturer, introduced Devil's food chocolate cake mixes in the mid-1930s, but introduction was put on hold during World War II. Duncan Hines introduced a "Three Star Special" (so called because a white, yellow or chocolate cake could be made from the same mix) was introduced three years after cake mixes from General Mills and Duncan Hines, and took over 48 percent of the market.〔Anne Byrn (2003), (''Cake Mix Doctor'' ), Rodale, Inc., p. 20.〕 In the U.S., "chocolate decadence" cakes were popular in the 1980s; in the 1990s, single-serving molten chocolate cakes with liquid chocolate centers and infused chocolates with exotic flavors such as tea, curry, red pepper, passion fruit, and champagne were popular. Chocolate lounges and artisanal chocolate makers were popular in the 2000s.〔Carol Mighton Haddix (2007), ''Chicago Cooks: 25 Years of Food History with Menus, Recipes, and Tips from Les Dames d'Escoffier Chicago''. Agate Publishing, p. 32. ISBN 1-57284-090-0〕 Rich, flourless, all-but-flourless chocolate cakes are "now standard in the modern pâtisserie," according to ''The New Taste of Chocolate''.〔Maricel E. Presilla (2001) (''The New Taste of Chocolate: a Cultural and Natural History of Cacao with Recipes'' ). Ten Speed Press. pp. 29–31, 138. ISBN 1-58008-143-6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chocolate cake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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